The landscape of material research is undergoing a rapid transformation. Smart chemicals, engineered with intelligent techniques, are emerging as the cornerstone of this revolution. These materials possess exceptional properties, enabling them to adapt to their environment in controlled ways. From self-healing materials to diagnostic tools, smart c

Nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties that have sparked widespread interest in their application for diverse technological sectors. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a particular class of nanomaterials, exhibit the remarkable ability to convert near-infrared radiation into visible light. This phenomenon has opened vast possibilities in